The Nuyina left Hobart last week for Casey research station on a 3000km-plus trip to reach the expeditioner who was experiencing a "developing" medical condition.
The $528 million icebreaker broke through sea ice to reach a location 144km from the station on Sunday.
"Once the ship reached proximity, two helicopters were deployed from the helicopter deck," the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) said in a statement on Monday.
"After a flight of nearly an hour, the helicopters arrived at Casey and collected the expeditioner."
The AAD says the expeditioner requires specialist assessment and care in Australia and their family is being kept fully informed of the situation.
The Nuyina is expected to arrive back in Hobart next week, depending on weather conditions in the Southern Ocean.
AAD acting general manager of operations and logistics Robb Clifton said providing medical care to the person was a top priority.
"The expeditioner will be looked after in the Nuyina's specially equipped and designed medical facility by our polar medicine doctors and Royal Hobart Hospital medical staff," he said.
The AAD says all other personnel on research stations are accounted for and safe.
During winter, Casey research station is populated by about 20 people who remain there for the season.
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