Metsola, who in 2022 became the first woman in 20 years to head the European Union assembly, has emerged as a strong supporter of Ukraine in its war with Russia and its bid to join the EU.
President Volodymyr Zelenskiy sent his congratulations.
Some 562 EU MP out of the 623 who took part in Tuesday's vote backed her reappointment to the mainly ceremonial role for a further two-and-a-half years, the largest margin of victory ever for a president of the European Parliament.
"Polarisation in our societies has led to more confrontational politics, even political violence," Metsola, 45, told the assembly on Tuesday.
Congratulations to — Volodymyr Zelenskyy / Володимир Зеленський (@ZelenskyyUa) @RobertaMetsola on her reelection as @EP_President.I greatly appreciate President Metsola's personal involvement in supporting Ukraine, as well as her unwavering commitment to protecting people and upholding our European way of life.I look forward to…July 16, 2024
"We need to move beyond this zero-sum thinking that has excluded people, that turns people away."
Metsola urged the European Parliament to remain a strong supporter of Ukraine, the rule of law, and women's rights, while preparing to add new countries to the EU.
In his message of congratulations, Zelenskiy wrote on X: "I greatly appreciate President Metsola's personal involvement in supporting Ukraine, as well as her unwavering commitment to protecting people and upholding our European way of life."
Metsola, from Malta's centre-right European People's Party, was the first leader of an EU institution to visit Kyiv following Russia's February 2022 invasion.
She is only the second head of the European Parliament, after Germany's Martin Schulz, to win a second term since the assembly became a directly elected institution in 1979.
The 720-member Parliament, the European Union's only directly elected institution, negotiates and adopts EU legislative proposals and approves the bloc's budget.
In her first term, Metsola won plaudits from MPs for raising the parliament's profile.
Some EU officials told Reuters they valued Metsola's ability to unite the centrist parties as a bulwark force in the assembly after the far-right made strong gains in June's European elections.
She has also tried to repair the parliament's reputation after the Qatargate bribes-for-lobbying scandal, proposing tighter rules on MP's financial declarations and lobbyist contacts, although campaigners say the reforms have not been fully enacted.
Metsola, a mother of four sons from the EU's smallest country, became an EU MP in 2013 and rose to become its youngest-ever president.
She faced criticism in the run-up to her initial election over her stance on abortion.
As an EU MP from Malta, where abortion is largely illegal, Metsola had opposed resolutions calling for women to have access to safe abortions.
But on becoming EU Parliament president, committed to represent the EU assembly's position on sexual and reproductive rights.
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