The latest victim is the fifth person shot this week, fanning fears the city's underworld gang wars are escalating.
He was shot on busy Broughton Street, Canterbury, around 2am on Thursday, not far from where lawyer Mahmoud Abbas was gunned down in Greenacre on Wednesday morning.
The man shot overnight is yet to be formally identified but believed to be in his 20s.
NSW Police officers found the man with multiple gunshot wounds and he was treated by paramedics but died at the scene.
Meanwhile, Mr Abbas, 31, has undergone emergency surgery after a gunman confronted him outside his Greenacre home.
Detective Superintendent Adam Johnson said the criminal defence lawyer was about to get into his car when he was approached by an unknown person and shot.
"It is a brazen, clearly targeted shooting," Det Supt Johnson told reporters on Wednesday.
"The motive and the reasoning behind it at this stage is too early to speculate."
On Sunday, three people were shot in Greenacre, leaving one 25-year-old man critically injured and a 22-year-old man and 19-year-old woman injured.
Sydney southwest suburbs are grappling with a gang-linked war involving a number of families. It's claimed at least 11 lives in recent years and flared up again in the past few months.
Mr Abbas has represented several high-profile clients, including members of an alleged ISIS-inspired terror cell charged with plotting to destroy Sydney landmarks and controversial former Auburn deputy mayor Salim Mehajer.
In 2021, he appeared for former NRL player Jamil Hopoate on drug charges.
He has also represented Sydney underworld figures, including handyman Ahmed Jaghbir in his trial over the assassination of Kemel Barakat.