Kohli's unbeaten 82 runs sealed a thrilling win against Pakistan in India's tournament opener and the superstar backed his effort up with 62 not out at one of his favourite grounds.
Kohli came into Thursday night's game having scored more T20I runs at the SCG than any other player, despite only playing there four times before.
Spurred on by "Kohli" chants from the overwhelmingly pro-Indian crowd, the ex-captain partnered with the furious Suryakumar Yadav (51 off 25 balls) as India sped towards a respectable total.
Kohli's innings helped him overtake Chris Gayle to become the second-highest scorer in T20 World Cup history.
He sits 27 runs behind record-holder Mahela Jayawardene, who played eight more games at the tournament than Kohli has.
The only side at the World Cup that is not a full member of the ICC, the Netherlands did well to restrict India early after they lost the toss and were asked to bowl first. They had an early wicket when Paul van Meekeren trapped VS Rahul lbw for 9 before Sharma (53) shook off his lean run of form and forged a partnership with Kohli that ignited India's innings.
The captain was dropped by Tim Pringle on 15 and again stayed alive when the ball bounced fractionally short of Pringle in the slips an over later.
Sharma made the most of his extra chances and slashed his way to a 29th T20I half-century but Colin Ackermann had safer hands than Pringle and made no mistake in the deep in the 12th over.
Rahul's early dismissal paved the way for Kohli to enter the action early but it took Yadav joining him for the Indians to flick into party mode.
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