Scheffler, McIlroy and Schauffele - respectively Nos.1, 2 and 3 in the Official World Golf Rankings - will start on the 10th tee on Thursday at 8.22 am local time (2222 Thursday AEST), then begin Friday's round on the first tee at 1.47 pm (0347 Friday AEST).
The trio are responsible for winning four of the last five major championships. Scheffler won the 2024 Masters, Northern Irishman McIlroy grabbed his long-awaited green jacket last month and Schauffele won the PGA and Open Championship last year.
The seven Australians at the major are all paired apart.
Cameron Smith is with 2013 US Open winner Justin Rose, who lost to McIlroy in a play-off at Augusta, and Brian Harman, who followed Smith as British Open champion in 2023.
In another high-profile trio, Jason Day will go out with Phil Mickelson and Tommy Fleetwood.
Min Woo Lee goes out with Canadian Corey Conners and Rasmus Hojgaard of Denmark in a trio guaranteed a large gallery as they are the group in front of Scheffler, McIlroy and Schauffele, and behind Jon Rahm's group.
He is with Patrick Cantlay and Matt Fitzpatrick, who themselves follow Day's trio.
Defending champion Bryson DeChambeau is paired with compatriot Gary Woodland, the 2019 winner, and Norway's Viktor Hovland.
Geoff Ogilvy was the last Australian winner, in 2006.
TEE TIMES FOR AUSTRALIANS AT THE US PGA (AEST)
* 2149 Thursday & 0314 Saturday — Phil Mickelson (USA), Tommy Fleetwood (ENG), Jason Day (AUS)
* 2211 Thursday & 0336 Saturday — Corey Conners (CAN), Min Woo Lee (AUS), Rasmus Hojgaard (DEN)
+ 2217 Thursday & 0342 Saturday — Thorbjorn Olesen (DEN), Karl Vilips (AUS), Laurie Canter (ENG)
* 0236 Friday & 2111 Friday — Eric Cole (USA), Eric Steger (USA), Cam Davis (AUS)
+ 0303 Friday & 2138 Friday — Tyrrell Hatton (ENG), Will Zalatoris (USA), Adam Scott (AUS)
+ 0409 Friday & 2244 Friday — Justin Rose (ENG), Cam Smith (AUS), Brian Harman (USA)
* 0426 Friday & 2201 Friday — Jhonattan Vegas (VEN), Elvis Smylie (AUS), Brian Campbell (USA)
+ start on the first hole first round, tenth hole second round.
* start on the tenth hole first round, first hole second.
