"Russia is the leading energy supplier to China, and our energy partnership is mutually beneficial and truly strategic," Putin said during the discussions, TASS reported.
The Russian president added that Moscow and Beijing are maintaining an active dialogue on co-operation in peaceful nuclear energy and are advancing high-technology projects, including initiatives in industry and space exploration.
Xi, speaking via an interpreter, called for the countries to work out a "grand plan" to further bilateral relations which he said were advancing in the right direction.
China and Russia declared a "no limits" strategic partnership days before Putin sent tens of thousands of troops into Ukraine in February 2022.
Xi and Putin last met in Beijing when China staged a massive military parade in September that was also attended by North Korea's leader Kim Jong-un.
During that meeting, Xi said China-Russia ties had "withstood international turbulence" and pledged to co-ordinate with Moscow on issues concerning their core interests.
Wednesday's video talks came in the middle of a series of meetings between Xi and Western leaders who have sought to boost ties with China despite differences over Russia's war in Ukraine. The British and Canadian prime ministers visited Beijing last month and German Chancellor Friedrich Merz is expected to later this month.
European leaders have pressed China for years to end its support for Russia. China has continued to trade with Russia, providing some relief from Western economic sanctions.
Russian Security Council Secretary Sergey Shoigu travelled to Beijing last weekend and met China's top foreign policy official, Wang Yi. The two officials agreed their countries should maintain close ties in a turbulent world, state media reports said.
with Reuters and DPA
