In reply to Australia's 6-219 on Saturday, the world No.14 side were restricted to 3-121 despite a brave effort from the Associate nation.
Australia's third win on the trot has put them on the cusp of locking away a top-two berth in their group and a spot in the semi-finals.
But there was an injury scare with Mooney, who struck an unbeaten 74 off 42 deliveries before retiring hurt with the scoreboard reading 2-152 after 14 overs.
Mooney didn't look hampered in any way before going off the ground, having just struck Iris Zwilling (3-52) for a six two balls earlier before finishing the over by running a quick two.
Cricket Australia revealed Mooney was suffering from "back stiffness", with the 32-year-old playing down the injury while receiving the player-of-the-match award after the win.
"I'm all good, just precautionary," Mooney said.
"I'm just not used to all the bus travel we've been doing. The Leeds to Southampton trip is a pretty long one."
Ash Gardner (58 off 32 balls) and Georgia Wareham (41 off 18 balls) cracked plenty of boundaries, but it was Mooney who looked the most dangerous before being forced off.
With fellow wicketkeeper option Phoebe Litchfield (quad) still sidelined and Mooney unable to operate behind the stumps in the Netherlands' innings, Georgia Voll took the gloves and snared a sharp catch to her right in the second over to send Phebe Molkenboer packing for a duck.
Kim Garth (2-20) picked up her second wicket a short time later as the Netherlands stumbled to 2-17, with the minnows unable to mount anything close to a serious challenge after that.
But the winless Netherlands (0-3) were still left with plenty to smile about ahead of their final group games against South Africa and Pakistan.
Dutch captain Babette de Leede struck an unbeaten 56 off 57 balls in her 100th T20I, while Sterre Kalis (44 off 43) also showed plenty of talent and defiance in a 96-run, third-wicket stand.
Australian quick Lucy Hamilton was economical with 0-13 off four overs in her T20 World Cup debut, giving selectors food for thought as the six-time champions gear up for games against Pakistan and India.
Earlier, Australia made a flying start after being sent in to bat, with Mooney and Voll finding boundaries at will as the scoreboard ticked over to 0-50 after 4.3 overs before a wobble came.
Voll (17 off nine balls) was the first to fall when she skied a fuller delivery for an easy catch.
And Australia slipped to 2-51 when Ellyse Perry - making a record 50th T20 World Cup appearance - was caught in the deep for one after trying to whack spinner Heather Siegers for six.
Gardner, on her return from an ankle injury, was given a life on 25 and made the most of it by racing to her half-century off just 28 balls.
Mooney blasted nine fours and a six before leaving the field with her back issue.
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