After lifting interest rates for the third consecutive meeting, RBA boss Michele Bullock cautioned against a cash splash for households, saying it could make fighting inflation harder in the long run.
But Dr Chalmers said the comments by the board's governor were merely a response to a hypothetical situation.
"The budget won't be pumping a lot of extra stimulus into the economy," he told ABC TV on Wednesday.
"In fact, overall, we'll be winding back spending in the budget. We are managing the budget in the most responsible way we can.
"We understand and acknowledge these inflationary pressures were there in our economy before the war in Iran, but the war in Iran has made them much, much worse."
The RBA governor said additional spending made the job of reducing inflation more challenging.
"The extent to which government makes up the shortfalls for households by giving them more money, it makes it harder to dampen demand," she told reporters on Tuesday.
"When governments are spending a lot of money and we're running up against capacity constraints, then they do need to think about whether or not there's ways they can help the inflation problem by looking for ways to constrain demand."
As he prepares to hand down his fifth budget as treasurer in less than a week, Dr Chalmers said the fiscal blueprint would be ambitious despite the economic challenges.
"What the budget will signal is ... a year of more ambitious reform," he said.
"I don't think any responsible government can ignore the very real intergenerational pressures that are in our budget, in our tax system, in our housing market, in our economy and our society more broadly."
Hours later, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese unveiled a $10 billion package to boost Australia's fuel and fertiliser security.
"We, as well, are very conscious about the need for a responsible budget, as we always have been," he said.
"My government has produced the only budget surpluses that have been seen since I've been answering questions from you over the last decade and a half."
Other new spending pressures already announced in the budget include an extra $25 billion to the states for hospital funding, $14 billion for defence and $2.5 billion to cut the fuel excise, while additional funds are expected to be sunk into Victoria's Suburban Rail Loop.
But the treasurer would not confirm reports the budget will also include a one-off "earned income offset" of $200 to $300 for every wage and salary earner.
"It's important to remember that there's always this speculation," he said.Â
"Sometimes it's right, sometimes it's wrong. I'm not going to add to that speculation today."
Opposition Leader Angus Taylor said a typical family with a mortgage was paying $29,000 more per year in interest compared to when Labor came to power.
"The starting point here is we want to see a solution to the underlying problem, not just a band aid on a bullet wound," he said.
"We'll see what sort of relief proposal they put forward, what budget aggregates look like, because that's what affects inflation, but what we need to see is containment of government spending."
