Macron said the Charles de Gaulle carrier will be escorted by frigates and its air wing.
In a pre-recorded speech on French TV, Macron said Rafale fighter jets, air-defence systems and airborne radar systems had been deployed over the past few hours in the Middle East.
"And we will continue this effort as much as necessary," Macron said.
"Every measure is being taken to ensure the security of our national territory, our citizens and our interests in the Middle East," he said on X.
"France also stands ready to deploy the necessary resources to protect its closest partners, should they request it."
France, the UK and Germany have previously said that they weren't involved in the strikes on Iran by the US and Israel that began late last week, but were prepared to take defensive action to destroy Iran's capability to fire missiles and drones.
Macron, however, said that French forces had shot down drones "in legitimate self-defence in the very first hours of the conflict, to defend the airspace of our allies, who know they can rely on us."
He did not elaborate.
In explaining the need to move France's aircraft carrier, Macron cited Monday's strike on a British air force base on Cyprus, adding that Cyprus was a member of the European Union with which France has recently signed a strategic partnership.
"This requires our support," Macron said.
Macron also said France has defence agreements binding the EU nation to Qatar, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates, as well as strong commitments to Jordan and Iraq.
Noting that the war had spread to Lebanon, Macron said the Iran-backed militant Hezbollah group made "the grave mistake of striking Israel" and putting the Lebanese people in danger but warned against Israel launching a ground operation.
"This, too, would be a dangerous escalation and a strategic error," he said.
"Hezbollah must imperatively cease all strikes, and I call on Israel to respect Lebanese territory and its integrity."
Reflecting France's traditional support for rules‑based international order, Macron noted that France "cannot approve" of the strikes by Israel and the US on Iran because they were carried outside of the framework of "international law".
He said it would it be "desirable" to end the strikes as quickly as possible, and that lasting peace in the region can only be achieved through the resumption of diplomatic negotiations.
"And I also wish here to express the hope that the Iranian people may themselves freely decide their own destiny," Macron added.
