Duke was slated to play his first game for the Bulls against his former club on Saturday evening at Polytec Stadium.
But the 50-cap Socceroo will have to wait one more day, with the pitch deemed unplayable after more than 64mm of rain had fallen in an hour at the Gosford venue.
The match has been rescheduled for 2pm on Sunday, with no more than 1mm of rain expected at kick-off.
Central Coast will also host a women's match at Polytec Stadium on Sunday, playing against Perth Glory at 5pm.
Duke signed with the Bulls in December in a bid to reignite his World Cup campaign, having fallen out of favour with national team coach Tony Popovic.Â
The 34-year-old was not part of the squad for the friendlies against Venezuela and Colombia in November.
Saturday's postponement is the latest of delays for Duke, who couldn't complete his move from J1 League outfit Machida Zelvia until the January transfer window.
He last played in the Australian domestic competition for Western Sydney Wanderers in 2021, having made his league debut for the Mariners in 2010.
Duke's class and experience are a massive boost for the Bulls, who are sitting fifth (5-4-4) after a 3-0 loss to Sydney FC.
Meanwhile, Central Coast are languishing in last place after seven losses in 12 matches.
The Mariners have managed just one win in their past five under interim coach Warren Moon, who took the reins following the pre-season departure of Mark Jackson.
Macarthur will host fellow top-six team Melbourne City next Saturday, with Central Coast to face league leaders Auckland FC away.