The Security Council meeting comes a day after Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered the mobilisation of hundreds of thousands of Russians to fight in Ukraine, moved to annex swaths of Ukrainian territory and threatened to use nuclear weapons.
"A crime has been committed against Ukraine, and we demand just punishment," President Volodymyr Zelenskiy told world leaders at the UN General Assembly on Wednesday.
Zelenskiy called for a special UN tribunal to impose "just punishment" on Russia and for Moscow to be stripped of its Security Council veto.
The council has been unable to take any meaningful action on Ukraine because Russia is a permanent veto-wielding member along with the United States, France, Britain and China.Â
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov will face off his Ukrainian and Western counterparts, including US Secretary of State Antony Blinken, when UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres and International Criminal Court prosecutor Karim Khan brief the 15-member Security Council.
Ukraine, the US and others have accused Russia of war crimes in Ukraine. Russia denies targeting civilians during what it calls its "special military operation," describing accusations of human rights abuses as a smear campaign.
On Wednesday Putin ordered Moscow's first wartime mobilisation since World War II, with plans to immediately start conscripting some 300,000 troops to fight on the frontline.
He cast the Ukraine invasion as a defining East-West clash
Concern over being conscripted saw flights out of Russia quickly sell out, and jailed opposition leader Alexei Navalny called for mass demonstrations against the mobilisation.
Independent protest monitoring group OVD-Info said nearly 1400 people in 38 Russian cities had been detained in protests by Wednesday evening.
Putin ordered the military draft in a televised address in which he also announced moves to annex four Ukrainian provinces and threatened to use nuclear weapons to defend Russia, declaring: "It's not a bluff".
Pro-Russian figures announced referendums for September 23-27 in Luhansk, Donetsk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia provinces, representing around 15 per cent of Ukrainian territory.
US President Joe Biden, in a speech to the UN General Assembly, responded that Putin "has made overt nuclear threats against Europe, in a reckless disregard for the responsibilities of the non-proliferation regime."
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau condemned Putin's "irresponsible escalation of the war", saying "Putin's behaviour only goes to show that his invasion is failing."
European Union foreign ministers agreed on Wednesday to prepare new sanctions on Russia and increase weapons' deliveries to Kyiv.
Russia and Ukraine carried out an unexpected prisoner swap on Wednesday, the largest since the war began and involving almost 300 people, including 10 foreigners and the commanders who led a prolonged Ukrainian defence of Mariupol earlier this year.
The foreigners released included two Britons and a Moroccan who had been sentenced to death in June after being captured fighting for Ukraine. Also freed in the deal brokered by Saudi Arabia, according to a Saudi ministry, were three other Britons, two Americans, a Croatian, and a Swedish national.
Several Western military experts said drafting hundreds of thousands of new troops would take months, do little to slow Russia's losses, and could even make matters worse by drawing resources away from the battlefield to train and equip recruits.
In Moscow's first update on casualty numbers in almost six months, Russia's Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu said 5937 Russian soldiers had been killed since the start of the conflict.
